Before introducing the bow, it is helpful to begin with pizzicato (plucking the strings). This lets you hear the cello’s natural resonance, learn the names of the strings, and enjoy making music straight away.
The Four Open Strings
The cello has four strings, tuned in perfect fifths:
- A string – the highest string, bright and singing. (Notated with Roman numeral I.)
- D string – the second string, warm and clear. (Roman numeral II.)
- G string – the third string, deep and resonant. (Roman numeral III.)
- C string – the lowest string, rich and powerful. It sits below the stave in bass clef and is marked with Roman numeral IV.
Pizzicato Technique
- Rest the right thumb gently against the side of the fingerboard for support.
- Use the first finger to pluck the string, pulling across and slightly into the thumb.
- Vary the sound: a light pull creates a soft pizzicato, while a stronger pull gives a louder, more resonant note.
- You can also pluck with the second finger, which works well for repeated notes, or with the thumb, which gives a round, full sound thanks to its fleshy surface.
Finding the Best Sound
- Plucking closer to the fingerboard produces a mellow sound.
- Moving nearer to the bowing area gives a brighter, more resonant pizzicato.
Notation of Open Strings
Cellists often see Roman numerals in music to indicate which string to play:
- I = A string
- II = D string
- III = G string
- IV = C string
Explore and Create
Once you know the open strings, you can make up simple tunes and rhythms using pizzicato. Try playing patterns, waltz rhythms, or your own improvisations. This is a great way to enjoy the cello from the very beginning.